Arduboy2Core.cpp

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#include "Arduboy2Core.h"
 
#include <avr/wdt.h>
 
 
//========================================
//========== class Arduboy2Core ==========
//========================================
 
// Commands sent to the OLED display to initialize it
const PROGMEM uint8_t Arduboy2Core::lcdBootProgram[] = {
  // boot defaults are commented out but left here in case they
  // might prove useful for reference
  //
  // Further reading: https://www.adafruit.com/datasheets/SSD1306.pdf
  //
  // Display Off
  // 0xAE,
 
  // Set Display Clock Divisor v = 0xF0
  // default is 0x80
  0xD5, 0xF0,
 
  // Set Multiplex Ratio v = 0x3F
  // 0xA8, 0x3F,
 
  // Set Display Offset v = 0
  // 0xD3, 0x00,
 
  // Set Start Line (0)
  // 0x40,
 
  // Charge Pump Setting v = enable (0x14)
  // default is disabled
  0x8D, 0x14,
 
  // Set Segment Re-map (A0) | (b0001)
  // default is (b0000)
  0xA1,
 
  // Set COM Output Scan Direction
  0xC8,
 
  // Set COM Pins v
  // 0xDA, 0x12,
 
  // Set Contrast v = 0xCF
  0x81, 0xCF,
 
  // Set Precharge = 0xF1
  0xD9, 0xF1,
 
  // Set VCom Detect
  // 0xDB, 0x40,
 
  // Entire Display ON
  // 0xA4,
 
  // Set normal/inverse display
  // 0xA6,
 
  // Display On
  0xAF,
 
  // set display mode = horizontal addressing mode (0x00)
  0x20, 0x00,
 
  // set col address range
  // 0x21, 0x00, COLUMN_ADDRESS_END,
 
  // set page address range
  // 0x22, 0x00, PAGE_ADDRESS_END
};
 
void Arduboy2Core::boot()
{
  #ifdef ARDUBOY_SET_CPU_8MHZ
  // ARDUBOY_SET_CPU_8MHZ will be set by the IDE using boards.txt
  setCPUSpeed8MHz();
  #endif
 
  // Select the ADC input here so a delay isn't required in generateRandomSeed()
  ADMUX = RAND_SEED_IN_ADMUX;
 
  bootPins();
  bootSPI();
  bootOLED();
  bootPowerSaving();
}
 
#ifdef ARDUBOY_SET_CPU_8MHZ
// If we're compiling for 8MHz we need to slow the CPU down because the
// hardware clock on the Arduboy is 16MHz.
// We also need to readjust the PLL prescaler because the Arduino USB code
// likely will have incorrectly set it for an 8MHz hardware clock.
void Arduboy2Core::setCPUSpeed8MHz()
{
  uint8_t oldSREG = SREG;
  cli();                // suspend interrupts
  PLLCSR = _BV(PINDIV); // dissable the PLL and set prescale for 16MHz)
  CLKPR = _BV(CLKPCE);  // allow reprogramming clock
  CLKPR = 1;            // set clock divisor to 2 (0b0001)
  PLLCSR = _BV(PLLE) | _BV(PINDIV); // enable the PLL (with 16MHz prescale)
  SREG = oldSREG;       // restore interrupts
}
#endif
 
// Pins are set to the proper modes and levels for the specific hardware.
// This routine must be modified if any pins are moved to a different port
void Arduboy2Core::bootPins()
{
#ifdef ARDUBOY_10
 
  // Port B INPUT_PULLUP or HIGH
  PORTB |= _BV(RED_LED_BIT) | _BV(GREEN_LED_BIT) | _BV(BLUE_LED_BIT) |
           _BV(B_BUTTON_BIT);
  // Port B INPUT or LOW (none)
  // Port B inputs
  DDRB &= ~(_BV(B_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(SPI_MISO_BIT));
  // Port B outputs
  DDRB |= _BV(RED_LED_BIT) | _BV(GREEN_LED_BIT) | _BV(BLUE_LED_BIT) |
          _BV(SPI_MOSI_BIT) | _BV(SPI_SCK_BIT) | _BV(SPI_SS_BIT);
 
  // Port C
  // Speaker: Not set here. Controlled by audio class
 
  // Port D INPUT_PULLUP or HIGH
  PORTD |= _BV(CS_BIT);
  // Port D INPUT or LOW
  PORTD &= ~(_BV(RST_BIT));
  // Port D inputs (none)
  // Port D outputs
  DDRD |= _BV(RST_BIT) | _BV(CS_BIT) | _BV(DC_BIT);
 
  // Port E INPUT_PULLUP or HIGH
  PORTE |= _BV(A_BUTTON_BIT);
  // Port E INPUT or LOW (none)
  // Port E inputs
  DDRE &= ~(_BV(A_BUTTON_BIT));
  // Port E outputs (none)
 
  // Port F INPUT_PULLUP or HIGH
  PORTF |= _BV(LEFT_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(RIGHT_BUTTON_BIT) |
           _BV(UP_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(DOWN_BUTTON_BIT);
  // Port F INPUT or LOW
  PORTF &= ~(_BV(RAND_SEED_IN_BIT));
  // Port F inputs
  DDRF &= ~(_BV(LEFT_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(RIGHT_BUTTON_BIT) |
            _BV(UP_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(DOWN_BUTTON_BIT) |
            _BV(RAND_SEED_IN_BIT));
  // Port F outputs (none)
 
#elif defined(AB_DEVKIT)
 
  // Port B INPUT_PULLUP or HIGH
  PORTB |= _BV(LEFT_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(UP_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(DOWN_BUTTON_BIT) |
           _BV(BLUE_LED_BIT);
  // Port B INPUT or LOW (none)
  // Port B inputs
  DDRB &= ~(_BV(LEFT_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(UP_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(DOWN_BUTTON_BIT) |
            _BV(SPI_MISO_BIT));
  // Port B outputs
  DDRB |= _BV(SPI_MOSI_BIT) | _BV(SPI_SCK_BIT) | _BV(SPI_SS_BIT) |
          _BV(BLUE_LED_BIT);
 
  // Port C INPUT_PULLUP or HIGH
  PORTC |= _BV(RIGHT_BUTTON_BIT);
  // Port C INPUT or LOW (none)
  // Port C inputs
  DDRC &= ~(_BV(RIGHT_BUTTON_BIT));
  // Port C outputs (none)
 
  // Port D INPUT_PULLUP or HIGH
  PORTD |= _BV(CS_BIT);
  // Port D INPUT or LOW
  PORTD &= ~(_BV(RST_BIT));
  // Port D inputs (none)
  // Port D outputs
  DDRD |= _BV(RST_BIT) | _BV(CS_BIT) | _BV(DC_BIT);
 
  // Port E (none)
 
  // Port F INPUT_PULLUP or HIGH
  PORTF |= _BV(A_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(B_BUTTON_BIT);
  // Port F INPUT or LOW
  PORTF &= ~(_BV(RAND_SEED_IN_BIT));
  // Port F inputs
  DDRF &= ~(_BV(A_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(B_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(RAND_SEED_IN_BIT));
  // Port F outputs (none)
  // Speaker: Not set here. Controlled by audio class
 
#endif
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::bootOLED()
{
  // reset the display
  delayShort(5); // reset pin should be low here. let it stay low a while
  bitSet(RST_PORT, RST_BIT); // set high to come out of reset
  delayShort(5); // wait a while
 
  // select the display (permanently, since nothing else is using SPI)
  bitClear(CS_PORT, CS_BIT);
 
  // run our customized boot-up command sequence against the
  // OLED to initialize it properly for Arduboy
  LCDCommandMode();
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(lcdBootProgram); i++) {
    SPItransfer(pgm_read_byte(lcdBootProgram + i));
  }
  LCDDataMode();
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::LCDDataMode()
{
  bitSet(DC_PORT, DC_BIT);
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::LCDCommandMode()
{
  bitClear(DC_PORT, DC_BIT);
}
 
// Initialize the SPI interface for the display
void Arduboy2Core::bootSPI()
{
// master, mode 0, MSB first, CPU clock / 2 (8MHz)
  SPCR = _BV(SPE) | _BV(MSTR);
  SPSR = _BV(SPI2X);
}
 
// Write to the SPI bus (MOSI pin)
void Arduboy2Core::SPItransfer(uint8_t data)
{
  SPDR = data;
  /*
   * The following NOP introduces a small delay that can prevent the wait
   * loop from iterating when running at the maximum speed. This gives
   * about 10% more speed, even if it seems counter-intuitive. At lower
   * speeds it is unnoticed.
   */
  asm volatile("nop");
  while (!(SPSR & _BV(SPIF))) { } // wait
}
 
// Write to and read from the SPI bus (out to MOSI pin, in from MISO pin)
uint8_t Arduboy2Core::SPItransferAndRead(uint8_t data)
{
  SPItransfer(data);
  return SPDR;
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::safeMode()
{
  if (buttonsState() == UP_BUTTON)
  {
    digitalWriteRGB(RED_LED, RGB_ON);
 
#ifndef ARDUBOY_CORE // for Arduboy core timer 0 should remain enabled
    // prevent the bootloader magic number from being overwritten by timer 0
    // when a timer variable overlaps the magic number location
    power_timer0_disable();
#endif
 
    while (true) { }
  }
}
 
 
/* Power Management */
 
void Arduboy2Core::idle()
{
  SMCR = _BV(SE); // select idle mode and enable sleeping
  sleep_cpu();
  SMCR = 0; // disable sleeping
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::bootPowerSaving()
{
  // disable Two Wire Interface (I2C) and the ADC
  // All other bits will be written with 0 so will be enabled
  PRR0 = _BV(PRTWI) | _BV(PRADC);
  // disable USART1
  PRR1 |= _BV(PRUSART1);
}
 
// Shut down the display
void Arduboy2Core::displayOff()
{
  LCDCommandMode();
  SPItransfer(0xAE); // display off
  SPItransfer(0x8D); // charge pump:
  SPItransfer(0x10); //   disable
  delayShort(250);
  bitClear(RST_PORT, RST_BIT); // set display reset pin low (reset state)
}
 
// Restart the display after a displayOff()
void Arduboy2Core::displayOn()
{
  bootOLED();
}
 
 
/* Drawing */
 
void Arduboy2Core::paint8Pixels(uint8_t pixels)
{
  SPItransfer(pixels);
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::paintScreen(const uint8_t *image)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < (HEIGHT*WIDTH)/8; i++)
  {
    SPItransfer(pgm_read_byte(image + i));
  }
}
 
// paint from a memory buffer, this should be FAST as it's likely what
// will be used by any buffer based subclass
//
// The following assembly code runs "open loop". It relies on instruction
// execution times to allow time for each byte of data to be clocked out.
// It is specifically tuned for a 16MHz CPU clock and SPI clocking at 8MHz.
void Arduboy2Core::paintScreen(uint8_t image[], bool clear)
{
  uint16_t count;
 
  asm volatile (
    "   ldi   %A[count], %[len_lsb]               \n\t" //for (len = WIDTH * HEIGHT / 8)
    "   ldi   %B[count], %[len_msb]               \n\t"
    "1: ld    __tmp_reg__, %a[ptr]      ;2        \n\t" //tmp = *(image)
    "   out   %[spdr], __tmp_reg__      ;1        \n\t" //SPDR = tmp
    "   cpse  %[clear], __zero_reg__    ;1/2      \n\t" //if (clear) tmp = 0;
    "   mov   __tmp_reg__, __zero_reg__ ;1        \n\t"
    "2: sbiw  %A[count], 1              ;2        \n\t" //len --
    "   sbrc  %A[count], 0              ;1/2      \n\t" //loop twice for cheap delay
    "   rjmp  2b                        ;2        \n\t"
    "   st    %a[ptr]+, __tmp_reg__     ;2        \n\t" //*(image++) = tmp
    "   brne  1b                        ;1/2 :18  \n\t" //len > 0
    "   in    __tmp_reg__, %[spsr]                \n\t" //read SPSR to clear SPIF
    : [ptr]     "+&e" (image),
      [count]   "=&w" (count)
    : [spdr]    "I"   (_SFR_IO_ADDR(SPDR)),
      [spsr]    "I"   (_SFR_IO_ADDR(SPSR)),
      [len_msb] "M"   (WIDTH * (HEIGHT / 8 * 2) >> 8),   // 8: pixels per byte
      [len_lsb] "M"   (WIDTH * (HEIGHT / 8 * 2) & 0xFF), // 2: for delay loop multiplier
      [clear]   "r"   (clear)
  );
}
#if 0
// For reference, this is the "closed loop" C++ version of paintScreen()
// used prior to the above version.
void Arduboy2Core::paintScreen(uint8_t image[], bool clear)
{
  uint8_t c;
  int i = 0;
 
  if (clear)
  {
    SPDR = image[i]; // set the first SPI data byte to get things started
    image[i++] = 0;  // clear the first image byte
  }
  else
    SPDR = image[i++];
 
  // the code to iterate the loop and get the next byte from the buffer is
  // executed while the previous byte is being sent out by the SPI controller
  while (i < (HEIGHT * WIDTH) / 8)
  {
    // get the next byte. It's put in a local variable so it can be sent as
    // as soon as possible after the sending of the previous byte has completed
    if (clear)
    {
      c = image[i];
      // clear the byte in the image buffer
      image[i++] = 0;
    }
    else
      c = image[i++];
 
    while (!(SPSR & _BV(SPIF))) { } // wait for the previous byte to be sent
 
    // put the next byte in the SPI data register. The SPI controller will
    // clock it out while the loop continues and gets the next byte ready
    SPDR = c;
  }
  while (!(SPSR & _BV(SPIF))) { } // wait for the last byte to be sent
}
#endif
 
void Arduboy2Core::blank()
{
  for (int i = 0; i < (HEIGHT*WIDTH)/8; i++)
    SPItransfer(0x00);
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::sendLCDCommand(uint8_t command)
{
  LCDCommandMode();
  SPItransfer(command);
  LCDDataMode();
}
 
// invert the display or set to normal
// when inverted, a pixel set to 0 will be on
void Arduboy2Core::invert(bool inverse)
{
  sendLCDCommand(inverse ? OLED_PIXELS_INVERTED : OLED_PIXELS_NORMAL);
}
 
// turn all display pixels on, ignoring buffer contents
// or set to normal buffer display
void Arduboy2Core::allPixelsOn(bool on)
{
  sendLCDCommand(on ? OLED_ALL_PIXELS_ON : OLED_PIXELS_FROM_RAM);
}
 
// flip the display vertically or set to normal
void Arduboy2Core::flipVertical(bool flipped)
{
  sendLCDCommand(flipped ? OLED_VERTICAL_FLIPPED : OLED_VERTICAL_NORMAL);
}
 
// flip the display horizontally or set to normal
void Arduboy2Core::flipHorizontal(bool flipped)
{
  sendLCDCommand(flipped ? OLED_HORIZ_FLIPPED : OLED_HORIZ_NORMAL);
}
 
/* RGB LED */
 
void Arduboy2Core::setRGBled(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue)
{
#ifdef ARDUBOY_10 // RGB, all the pretty colors
  // timer 0: Fast PWM, OC0A clear on compare / set at top
  // We must stay in Fast PWM mode because timer 0 is used for system timing.
  // We can't use "inverted" mode because it won't allow full shut off.
  TCCR0A = _BV(COM0A1) | _BV(WGM01) | _BV(WGM00);
  OCR0A = 255 - green;
  // timer 1: Phase correct PWM 8 bit
  // OC1A and OC1B set on up-counting / clear on down-counting (inverted). This
  // allows the value to be directly loaded into the OCR with common anode LED.
  TCCR1A = _BV(COM1A1) | _BV(COM1A0) | _BV(COM1B1) | _BV(COM1B0) | _BV(WGM10);
  OCR1AL = blue;
  OCR1BL = red;
#elif defined(AB_DEVKIT)
  // only blue on DevKit, which is not PWM capable
  (void)red;    // parameter unused
  (void)green;  // parameter unused
  bitWrite(BLUE_LED_PORT, BLUE_LED_BIT, blue ? RGB_ON : RGB_OFF);
#endif
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::setRGBled(uint8_t color, uint8_t val)
{
#ifdef ARDUBOY_10
  if (color == RED_LED)
  {
    OCR1BL = val;
  }
  else if (color == GREEN_LED)
  {
    OCR0A = 255 - val;
  }
  else if (color == BLUE_LED)
  {
    OCR1AL = val;
  }
#elif defined(AB_DEVKIT)
  // only blue on DevKit, which is not PWM capable
  if (color == BLUE_LED)
  {
    bitWrite(BLUE_LED_PORT, BLUE_LED_BIT, val ? RGB_ON : RGB_OFF);
  }
#endif
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::freeRGBled()
{
#ifdef ARDUBOY_10
  // clear the COM bits to return the pins to normal I/O mode
  TCCR0A = _BV(WGM01) | _BV(WGM00);
  TCCR1A = _BV(WGM10);
#endif
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::digitalWriteRGB(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue)
{
#ifdef ARDUBOY_10
  bitWrite(RED_LED_PORT, RED_LED_BIT, red);
  bitWrite(GREEN_LED_PORT, GREEN_LED_BIT, green);
  bitWrite(BLUE_LED_PORT, BLUE_LED_BIT, blue);
#elif defined(AB_DEVKIT)
  // only blue on DevKit
  (void)red;    // parameter unused
  (void)green;  // parameter unused
  bitWrite(BLUE_LED_PORT, BLUE_LED_BIT, blue);
#endif
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::digitalWriteRGB(uint8_t color, uint8_t val)
{
#ifdef ARDUBOY_10
  if (color == RED_LED)
  {
    bitWrite(RED_LED_PORT, RED_LED_BIT, val);
  }
  else if (color == GREEN_LED)
  {
    bitWrite(GREEN_LED_PORT, GREEN_LED_BIT, val);
  }
  else if (color == BLUE_LED)
  {
    bitWrite(BLUE_LED_PORT, BLUE_LED_BIT, val);
  }
#elif defined(AB_DEVKIT)
  // only blue on DevKit
  if (color == BLUE_LED)
  {
    bitWrite(BLUE_LED_PORT, BLUE_LED_BIT, val);
  }
#endif
}
 
/* Buttons */
 
uint8_t Arduboy2Core::buttonsState()
{
  uint8_t buttons;
 
#ifdef ARDUBOY_10
  // up, right, left, down
  buttons = ((~PINF) &
              (_BV(UP_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(RIGHT_BUTTON_BIT) |
               _BV(LEFT_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(DOWN_BUTTON_BIT)));
  // A
  if (bitRead(A_BUTTON_PORTIN, A_BUTTON_BIT) == 0) { buttons |= A_BUTTON; }
  // B
  if (bitRead(B_BUTTON_PORTIN, B_BUTTON_BIT) == 0) { buttons |= B_BUTTON; }
#elif defined(AB_DEVKIT)
  // down, left, up
  buttons = ((~PINB) &
              (_BV(DOWN_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(LEFT_BUTTON_BIT) | _BV(UP_BUTTON_BIT)));
  // right
  if (bitRead(RIGHT_BUTTON_PORTIN, RIGHT_BUTTON_BIT) == 0) { buttons |= RIGHT_BUTTON; }
  // A
  if (bitRead(A_BUTTON_PORTIN, A_BUTTON_BIT) == 0) { buttons |= A_BUTTON; }
  // B
  if (bitRead(B_BUTTON_PORTIN, B_BUTTON_BIT) == 0) { buttons |= B_BUTTON; }
#endif
 
  return buttons;
}
 
unsigned long Arduboy2Core::generateRandomSeed()
{
  unsigned long seed;
 
  power_adc_enable(); // ADC on
 
  // do an ADC read from an unconnected input pin
  ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC); // start conversion (ADMUX has been pre-set in boot())
  while (bit_is_set(ADCSRA, ADSC)) { } // wait for conversion complete
 
  seed = ((unsigned long)ADC << 16) + micros();
 
  power_adc_disable(); // ADC off
 
  return seed;
}
 
// delay in ms with 16 bit duration
void Arduboy2Core::delayShort(uint16_t ms)
{
  delay((unsigned long) ms);
}
 
void Arduboy2Core::exitToBootloader()
{
  cli();
  // set bootloader magic key
  // storing two uint8_t instead of one uint16_t saves an instruction
  //  when high and low bytes of the magic key are the same
  *(uint8_t *)MAGIC_KEY_POS = lowByte(MAGIC_KEY);
  *(uint8_t *)(MAGIC_KEY_POS + 1) = highByte(MAGIC_KEY);
  // enable watchdog timer reset, with 16ms timeout
  wdt_reset();
  WDTCSR = (_BV(WDCE) | _BV(WDE));
  WDTCSR = _BV(WDE);
  while (true) { }
}
 
 
//=========================================
//========== class Arduboy2NoUSB ==========
//=========================================
 
void Arduboy2NoUSB::mainNoUSB()
{
  // disable USB
  UDCON = _BV(DETACH);
  UDIEN = 0;
  UDINT = 0;
  USBCON = _BV(FRZCLK);
  UHWCON = 0;
  power_usb_disable();
 
  init();
 
  // This would normally be done in the USB code that uses the TX and RX LEDs
  TX_RX_LED_INIT;
  TXLED0;
  RXLED0;
 
  // Set the DOWN button pin for INPUT_PULLUP
  bitSet(DOWN_BUTTON_PORT, DOWN_BUTTON_BIT);
  bitClear(DOWN_BUTTON_DDR, DOWN_BUTTON_BIT);
 
  // Delay to give time for the pin to be pulled high if it was floating
  Arduboy2Core::delayShort(10);
 
  // if the DOWN button is pressed
  if (bitRead(DOWN_BUTTON_PORTIN, DOWN_BUTTON_BIT) == 0) {
    Arduboy2Core::exitToBootloader();
  }
 
  // The remainder is a copy of the Arduino main() function with the
  // USB code and other unneeded code commented out.
  // init() was called above.
  // The call to function initVariant() is commented out to fix compiler
  // error: "multiple definition of 'main'".
  // The return statement is removed since this function is type void.
 
//  init();
 
//  initVariant();
 
//#if defined(USBCON)
//  USBDevice.attach();
//#endif
 
  setup();
 
  for (;;) {
    loop();
//    if (serialEventRun) serialEventRun();
  }
 
//  return 0;
}